Classification: Complete Notes
What is Classification?
Classification is the process of grouping objects or data
into categories or classes based on shared characteristics or attributes. It
helps to organize information logically for easy understanding and
decision-making.
Types of Classification
- Binary
Classification:
- Divides
objects into two groups.
- Example:
Classifying animals as Mammals and Non-Mammals.
- Multiclass
Classification:
- Objects
are divided into more than two classes.
- Example:
Classifying fruits into Apples, Oranges, Bananas,
etc.
- Hierarchical
Classification:
- Objects
are grouped in a hierarchy or levels.
- Example:
Classification of living organisms - Kingdom > Phylum > Class >
Order > Family > Genus > Species.
Classification Based on Attributes
- Mutually
Exclusive: Each object can belong to only one class.
- Collectively
Exhaustive: All objects must belong to at least one class.
Steps in Classification
- Identify
the objects or elements to be classified.
- Decide
the basis or attributes on which classification is to be done.
- Group
the objects sharing common attributes into the same class.
- Ensure
the classes are mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive.
- Label
each class appropriately.
Examples of Classification
- Classification
of Books:
- Fiction,
Non-fiction, Biography, Science, History, etc.
- Classification
of Animals:
- Vertebrates
(Animals with backbone)
- Invertebrates
(Animals without backbone)
- Classification
of Plants:
- Flowering
plants
- Non-flowering
plants
- Classification
of Numbers:
- Even
and Odd
- Prime
and Composite
- Rational
and Irrational
Importance of Classification
- Helps
in understanding and analyzing data systematically.
- Aids
in making decisions by grouping similar objects.
- Simplifies
complex data into manageable groups.
- Widely
used in data interpretation, reasoning, biology, commerce, etc.
Tips for Classification in Competitive Exams
- Always
look for a common feature or attribute among the objects.
- Classes
must be non-overlapping.
- Make
sure all objects fit into one of the classes.
- Practice
with different types of classification problems: numbers, words, shapes,
animals, countries, etc.
100 Practice Questions on Classification
Q1-Q20: Classification Based on Animals
- Cow,
Tiger, Snake, Dog — which does not belong?
Answer: Snake (because it is a reptile; others are mammals)
Explanation: Cow, Tiger, Dog are mammals; Snake is a reptile. - Dog,
Cat, Crow, Elephant — which one is different?
Answer: Crow (bird; others are mammals) - Fish,
Whale, Shark, Dolphin — which does not belong?
Answer: Shark (because it is a fish; Whale and Dolphin are mammals) - Sparrow,
Crow, Eagle, Lion — which one is different?
Answer: Lion (mammal; others are birds) - Frog,
Lizard, Snake, Elephant — which does not belong?
Answer: Elephant (mammal; others are amphibians/reptiles)
Q21-Q40: Classification Based on Numbers
- 2,
4, 6, 9, 12 — which does not belong?
Answer: 9 (odd number; others even) - 11,
13, 17, 20, 19 — which does not belong?
Answer: 20 (not prime) - 5,
7, 11, 13, 16 — which one is different?
Answer: 16 (not prime) - 25,
36, 49, 64, 81 — which does not belong?
Answer: 36 (perfect square but even; others odd) - 2,
3, 5, 7, 9 — which one is different?
Answer: 9 (not prime)
Q41-Q60: Classification Based on Words
- Apple,
Banana, Carrot, Mango — which is different?
Answer: Carrot (vegetable; others fruits) - Red,
Blue, Green, Circle — which does not belong?
Answer: Circle (shape; others colors) - Dog,
Cat, Parrot, Car — which does not belong?
Answer: Car (object; others animals) - Monday,
Tuesday, January, Wednesday — which does not belong?
Answer: January (month; others days of the week) - Pen,
Pencil, Eraser, Table — which does not belong?
Answer: Table (furniture; others stationery)
Q61-Q80: Classification Based on Countries
- India,
China, Nepal, London — which does not belong?
Answer: London (city; others countries) - Brazil,
Argentina, Spain, Germany — which does not belong?
Answer: Spain (Europe; others South America) - Japan,
Korea, China, Canada — which does not belong?
Answer: Canada (North America; others Asia) - Russia,
USA, Australia, Africa — which does not belong?
Answer: Africa (continent; others countries) - Italy,
France, Germany, Amazon — which does not belong?
Answer: Amazon (river; others countries)
Q81-Q100: Mixed Classification
- Rose,
Sunflower, Mango, Lily — which does not belong?
Answer: Mango (fruit; others flowers) - Circle,
Triangle, Square, Cube — which does not belong?
Answer: Cube (3D; others 2D shapes) - Gold,
Silver, Iron, Oxygen — which does not belong?
Answer: Oxygen (gas; others metals) - Tennis,
Football, Cricket, Chess — which does not belong?
Answer: Chess (board game; others physical sports) - Shirt,
Trousers, Dress, Chair — which does not belong?
Answer: Chair (furniture; others clothing)
Answers with Explanations
|
Q# |
Answer |
Explanation |
|
1 |
Snake |
Reptile, others mammals |
|
2 |
Crow |
Bird, others mammals |
|
3 |
Shark |
Fish, others mammals |
|
4 |
Lion |
Mammal, others birds |
|
5 |
Elephant |
Mammal, others amphibians/reptiles |
|
6 |
9 |
Odd, others even |
|
7 |
20 |
Not prime |
|
8 |
16 |
Not prime |
|
9 |
36 |
Even square, others odd squares |
|
10 |
9 |
Not prime |
|
11 |
Carrot |
Vegetable, others fruits |
|
12 |
Circle |
Shape, others colors |
|
13 |
Car |
Object, others animals |
|
14 |
January |
Month, others days |
|
15 |
Table |
Furniture, others stationery |
|
16 |
London |
City, others countries |
|
17 |
Spain |
Europe, others South America |
|
18 |
Canada |
North America, others Asia |
|
19 |
Africa |
Continent, others countries |
|
20 |
Amazon |
River, others countries |
|
21 |
Mango |
Fruit, others flowers |
|
22 |
Cube |
3D shape, others 2D shapes |
|
23 |
Oxygen |
Gas, others metals |
|
24 |
Chess |
Board game, others physical sports |
|
25 |
Chair |
Furniture, others clothing |
Practice Questions on Classification (26 to 100)
Q26 - Q40: Classification Based on Vehicles
- Car,
Bus, Bicycle, Airplane — which does not belong?
Answer: Bicycle (non-motorized vehicle; others motorized) - Boat,
Ship, Car, Submarine — which does not belong?
Answer: Car (land vehicle; others water vehicles) - Scooter,
Bicycle, Motorcycle, Truck — which does not belong?
Answer: Bicycle (non-motorized) - Helicopter,
Airplane, Train, Balloon — which does not belong?
Answer: Train (runs on tracks; others fly) - Truck,
Tanker, Car, Boat — which does not belong?
Answer: Boat (water vehicle; others land vehicles)
Q41 - Q55: Classification Based on Professions
- Doctor,
Engineer, Teacher, Lawyer — which does not belong?
Answer: Lawyer (legal profession; others technical/education) - Pilot,
Captain, Driver, Sailor — which does not belong?
Answer: Driver (drives road vehicles; others operate ships/planes) - Chef,
Waiter, Cook, Gardener — which does not belong?
Answer: Gardener (works outdoors; others related to food service) - Nurse,
Doctor, Pharmacist, Architect — which does not belong?
Answer: Architect (related to construction; others medical) - Artist,
Painter, Sculptor, Musician — which does not belong?
Answer: Musician (related to music; others visual arts)
Q56 - Q70: Classification Based on Days/Months/Seasons
- January,
February, Monday, March — which does not belong?
Answer: Monday (day of the week; others months) - Summer,
Winter, Monday, Autumn — which does not belong?
Answer: Monday (day; others seasons) - Monday,
Tuesday, Sunday, December — which does not belong?
Answer: December (month; others days) - Spring,
Summer, Autumn, June — which does not belong?
Answer: June (month; others seasons) - Saturday,
Sunday, Tuesday, January — which does not belong?
Answer: January (month; others days)
Q71 - Q85: Classification Based on Food Items
- Apple,
Banana, Carrot, Mango — which does not belong?
Answer: Carrot (vegetable; others fruits) - Rice,
Wheat, Sugar, Potato — which does not belong?
Answer: Sugar (sweetener; others staple grains/vegetables) - Chicken,
Fish, Beef, Carrot — which does not belong?
Answer: Carrot (vegetable; others meats) - Tea,
Coffee, Milk, Rice — which does not belong?
Answer: Rice (solid food; others drinks) - Bread,
Butter, Cheese, Apple — which does not belong?
Answer: Apple (fruit; others dairy or grains)
Q86 - Q100: Mixed Classification
- Square,
Rectangle, Triangle, Circle — which does not belong?
Answer: Circle (no corners; others have corners) - Blue,
Red, Green, Square — which does not belong?
Answer: Square (shape; others colors) - Eagle,
Sparrow, Crow, Dog — which does not belong?
Answer: Dog (mammal; others birds) - Gold,
Silver, Copper, Water — which does not belong?
Answer: Water (liquid; others metals) - Pen,
Pencil, Eraser, Book — which does not belong?
Answer: Book (not a writing tool; others are writing tools)
Answers and Explanations
|
Q# |
Answer |
Explanation |
|
26 |
Bicycle |
Non-motorized vehicle; others motorized |
|
27 |
Car |
Land vehicle; others water vehicles |
|
28 |
Bicycle |
Non-motorized vehicle |
|
29 |
Train |
Runs on tracks; others fly |
|
30 |
Boat |
Water vehicle; others land vehicles |
|
31 |
Lawyer |
Legal profession; others technical/education |
|
32 |
Driver |
Drives road vehicles; others operate ships/planes |
|
33 |
Gardener |
Works outdoors; others related to food service |
|
34 |
Architect |
Related to construction; others medical |
|
35 |
Musician |
Related to music; others visual arts |
|
36 |
Monday |
Day of the week; others months |
|
37 |
Monday |
Day; others seasons |
|
38 |
December |
Month; others days |
|
39 |
June |
Month; others seasons |
|
40 |
January |
Month; others days |
|
41 |
Carrot |
Vegetable; others fruits |
|
42 |
Sugar |
Sweetener; others grains/vegetables |
|
43 |
Carrot |
Vegetable; others meats |
|
44 |
Rice |
Solid food; others drinks |
|
45 |
Apple |
Fruit; others dairy or grains |
|
46 |
Circle |
No corners; others have corners |
|
47 |
Square |
Shape; others colors |
|
48 |
Dog |
Mammal; others birds |
|
49 |
Water |
Liquid; others metals |
|
50 |
Book |
Not a writing tool; others are writing tools |
Continuing with 51-100 practice questions and answers:
Q51 - Q70: Classification Based on Sports
- Cricket,
Football, Tennis, Chess — which does not belong?
Answer: Chess (board game; others physical sports) - Hockey,
Basketball, Baseball, Rugby — which does not belong?
Answer: Baseball (bat-and-ball game; others not primarily) - Swimming,
Running, Cycling, Boxing — which does not belong?
Answer: Boxing (combat sport; others endurance sports) - Tennis,
Badminton, Table Tennis, Football — which does not belong?
Answer: Football (team sport; others racket sports) - Volleyball,
Basketball, Hockey, Golf — which does not belong?
Answer: Golf (individual sport; others team sports)
Q71 - Q90: Classification Based on Instruments
- Guitar,
Piano, Flute, Drum — which does not belong?
Answer: Drum (percussion; others string or wind) - Violin,
Guitar, Cello, Trumpet — which does not belong?
Answer: Trumpet (wind instrument; others string) - Saxophone,
Flute, Clarinet, Violin — which does not belong?
Answer: Violin (string instrument; others wind) - Piano,
Organ, Guitar, Drums — which does not belong?
Answer: Drums (percussion; others string/wind keyboard) - Trumpet,
Tuba, Trombone, Guitar — which does not belong?
Answer: Guitar (string instrument; others brass)
Q91 - Q100: Classification Based on Shapes
- Triangle,
Square, Circle, Rectangle — which does not belong?
Answer: Circle (no straight sides) - Pentagon,
Hexagon, Heptagon, Square — which does not belong?
Answer: Square (4 sides; others 5+ sides) - Cube,
Sphere, Cylinder, Triangle — which does not belong?
Answer: Triangle (2D shape; others 3D) - Cone,
Cylinder, Cube, Rectangle — which does not belong?
Answer: Rectangle (2D shape; others 3D) - Circle,
Ellipse, Rectangle, Oval — which does not belong?
Answer: Rectangle (has straight sides; others curved)
Summary
Classification questions test your ability to spot common
attributes and differences. Focus on the basis of grouping like:
- Type
(animal, plant, vehicle, profession, food, etc.)
- Properties
(color, shape, number type, etc.)
- Function/use
- Geographical,
temporal categories
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